Constitutionalist army issues

Tetela de Ocampo

Ejército Constitucionalista de la Sierra Norte de Puebla

M3520 20c Ejército Constitucionalista de la Sierra Norte

This 5c note is also from the Cuartel General of the Ejército Constitucionalista de la Sierra Norte de Puebla but does not reference Tetela de Ocampo (unless that is what the "T" indicates).

M3528 5c Ejército Constitucionalista de la Sierra Norte

Chalchicomula

This primitive note from the Segunda División de Oriente of the Ejército Constitucionalista, dated 1 December 1914, has the same design on both sides.

M3506 $1 Ejército Constitucionalista 

The notes are signed by [                  ]^{[identification needed]} as Pagador and [                   ]^{[identification needed]} as General en Jefe. Note number 4742 have the signatures of [                  ]^{[identification needed]}  per pro the Pagador and [                   ]^{[identification needed]} per pro the General en Jefe.

Teziutlán

General Antonio Medina Quintanilla was born in 1885 in Cruillas, Tamaulipas. A businessman, he joined the Constitutionalist army on 26 February 1913, as a Capitán primero, under the direct orders of Lucio Blanco. After taking part in numerous engagements he was named by Carranza Jefe de Operaciones de la Sierra Norte de Puebla, with the rank of General de Brigada, in command of the Brigada Serdán of the Tercera División de Oriente, with his headquarters in Teziutlán.

In late 1915 he served in a corps of the Ejército de Oriente, commanded by Pablo González, which operated throughout the Estado de México, Morelos, Hidalgo, Puebla, Tlaxcala and Guerrero. In 1917 in Puebla he fought against Higinio Aguilar, the Márquez brothers and other Felicistas. Until 1919 he fought against the forces of Manuel Peláez and Félix Díaz in Tamaulipas, Puebla and  Veracruz.

In 1922 he took up arms against Obregón, was captured and on 25 March shot at the hacienda Tres Palacios in Chalchicomula, Puebla.

These notes of the Brigada Serdán refer to a decree of 5 December 1914^{[text needed]}.     

M3522a 50c Brigada "Serdan"

A second issue was dated 1 March 1915.

M3523 50c Brigada "Serdan"

The 50c note is known overprinted 'FALSO' but this is more likely an indication of a decommission rather than falsity.

M3523 50c Brigada "Serdan" FALSO

There is also this handwritten vale.

M3526 $1 Brigada "Serdan"

In the summer and autumn of 1915 Medina was financially in a good situation, having a partnership in a bank in Tezuitlán. It was said that he trafficked in confiscated property, returned haciendas to their owners for a price, speculated in scarce goods, printed paper money which had no backing, and collected the salaries of fictitious soldiers. Also, he permited his brother Federico to use his influence as a Constitucionalista general to promote financial operations in the region (the Sierra Norte de Puebla) and protect his friends. This group took advantage of the warfare and disorder doing business with the Márquez brothers (Convencionista generals) and operating with counterfeit money^{Guy P.C. Thomson and David G. LaFrance, El Liberalismo Popular Mexicano: Juan Francisco Lucas y la Sierra de Puebla, 1854-1917, 1999. Footnotes to the passage cited are (1) Secretario de Gobernación to governor, 2 October 1915; (2) Macario Hernández to Carranza, 7 October 1916; (3) un hijo del pueblo to González, 28 May 1915; (4) various comerciantes to González, 5 June 1915 and (5) El Universal, 11 June 1917 (information from Kim Rud)}.

The Brigada Serdán notes were withdrawn in June 1916. When, on 13 July 1916, the Tesorería Municipal of Jonotla sent its funds to Tetela de Ocampo to be exchanged for infalsificables it included, in Ecatlán’s remission, $2.50 in these Brigada Serdán notes (also referred to as “bonos de Tezuitlán”). However. these were returned because Tetela said that this issue had ceased circulating almost a month earlier^{AMTet, Gobierno 1916, caja s/n}.

Tehuacán

On 2 March 1915 an unnamed correspondent wrote to Teniente Coronel Rubén Morales at the Hotel Diligencias, Veracruz, about an issue of vales al portador that general Carlos Tejada, who was forming the Brigada “Venustiano Carranza”, had made in Tehuacán. These were of six denominations (5c, 10c, 25c, 50c, 75c, and $1^{[images needed]}) and in a meeting summoned by the Jefatura de Armas businesses had been told that they were to be of forced circulation. People to whom the correspondent had spoken thought that the issue was illegal and would greatly harm their cause^{private collection}. None are known.

Puebla

La Pagaduría General del Cuerpo de Ejército de Oriente

Because of the problems caused by the lack of small change Pablo González ordered José D. Ortiz to issue some boletos of 5c, 10c, 20c and 50c. On 23 June 1915 Ortiz wrote to González, in Ometusco, enclosing some examples. He reported that he had entrusted the sellos contraseñas to Major Benito Echauri, who was going to give both the cartones and the contraseñas to the Pagaduría General. The cartones that Ortiz sent did not have numbers or seals. On 1 July Gonzálezm from Tepexpam, Estado de México, wrote to José D. Ortiz approving the samples, and said that he had telegraphed the state governor to agree^{APGonzález, leg. 8, exp. 43) (roll 17)}.

M3516 5c Ejército Constitucionalista

M3517 10c Ejército Constitucionalista

M3518 50c Ejército Constitucionalista

Chignautla

Chignautla is a town in the north of the state.

We know of 1c and 2c notes from the Sub Comandancia Militar with the printed name of the Tesorero, A. Marín. Were these Constitucionalista?

M3508 1c Sub Comandancia Militar

M3509 2c Sub Comandancia Militar