Villista issues
So-called Villista/Convencionista factions on the southwest of the state issued a series of notes to facilitate commerce. As these were very local (DelgadoRicardo Delgado, Las Monedas Jaliscienses durante la Epoca Revolucionaria, Guadalajara, 1938 does not mention them) and related to the eventual losers, little is known about them, including their sequencing. There was a wide variety of types, which might be down to different issues or differences within issues.
Among the military commanders were Roberto Moreno, Pedro Zamora, José Sánchez Gómez and Vicente Alonso Teodoro. Roberto Moreno was a prominent hacendado in Unión de Tula. At his hacienda de San Clemente the constant demands from military chiefs led him to take up arms and form a self-defence militia. He joined forces with Pedro Zamora to gain control over a wide swathe of territory. Despite being a major landowner, in his jurisdiction he abolished the tiendas de raya and cancelled workers’ debts. Moreno refused offers of amnesty and continued fighting until his death in 1917.
In contrast, Pedro Zamora was born to a poor peasant family in El Limón, in 1890. After a vicious youth he formed a group that adopted Constitutionalism and joined Obregón when he arrived in Jalisco. He followed Lucio Blanco in supporting the Convention and after a defeat, regrouped in Unión de Tula, where he declared himself a Convencionista and proclaimed religious liberty, in contrast to Manuel Dieguez’ anti-clericalism. With Roberto Moreno he attacked Díeguez’ forces, and in 1915 the Villista governor, Julián Medina, named him jefe militar of Autlán. After Villa’s defeat, the Carrancistas launched a campaign against Zamora and on 16 October 1916 Ramón F. Iturbe defeated him in Unión de Tula and, a little later, in El Grullo. He still had solid support in the region, violently refused an offer of amnesty by sacking Cocula, and continued to attack federal and state troops. The government finally mobilised 12,000 troops to get him. He surrendered on 12 November 1920 and was assigned to the hacienda of Canutillo, Durango, under Villa’s responsibility. He went missing in February 1921, was arrested in Mexico City and executedPedro Zamora stole his horse "Tlacuache" from General Jacinto Cortina, the owner of the Hacienda de Telcampana.
José Sánchez Gómez was a farmer and businessmen in La Huerta, where he enjoyed prestige as the local cacique. He also rebelled against the Constitutionalists’ attacks on his property, and held out until he accepted an amnesty in 1920.
Vicente Alonso Teodoro was a bandit under sentence of death who declared himself a Villista to justify his acts.
La Brigada "Moreno"
A series of notes issued by the Brigada Moreno in Autlán were printed four to a sheet with one 5c, one 20c and two 50c. There were different designs.
EJERCITO CONVENCIONISTA in block lettering
EJERCITO CONVENCIONISTA in thin block letters with a wavy border to the centre box
EJERCITO CONVENCIONISTA in italics, with a wavy border to the centre box
With straight edge to centre box
with Cuartel General spelt out in full
La Brigada Méndez
Rafael B. Gómez
These low value notes were issued by Rafael B. Gómez in El Totole in the municipio of La Huerta. Because they have the stamp of the "EJERCITO CONVENCIONISTA - BRIGADA "MORENO" - CUARTEL GENERAL" on the reverse (and went through various permutations) they are listed in the catalogues as military issues. However there are similar issues, from Antonio R. Olivera in El Grullo, Juan Jiménez in El Limón and José V. Gómez, Teodoro Borbón and Herculano García in Purificación, without such a handstamp so it might be that they were a private issue, but approved by the local military commander, perhaps in response to a deposit made with the military.
One Rafael B. Gómez issue was entitled PROVISIONAL
while another was designated VALE PROVISIONAL
Other Villista issues came from the centre of the state and were authorised by the local municipalities.
Chiquilistlán
Ejército Catolico Villista
Chiquilistlán is a small town located in the Sierra Tapalpa mountains, at the foot of a hill called Chiquilichi, some 75 kilometres to the south-west of the state capital Guadalajara.
A $1 note dated 20 December 1914[image needed].
El Pinabete
3er Regimiento de Caballeria
This is a $2 voucher, typewritten on ledger paper, dated 30 November 1914, from the Comandancia of the Tercer Regimiento de Caballeria.
6a. División del Suroeste
This $5 note purports to be an issue from the Cuartel General in El Pinabete. dated 5 May 1915, and payable at the triumph of the Villista Católica revolution. It carries the names of General Bernadino Ch. Real as Jefe de la 6a. División del Suroeste, 2o Jefe Coronel Rosalio Berumén and Secretario T. Coronel Plutarco Miramontes.
However, this is a later fantasy, created for collectors, as confirmed by the advert on the back. The hook neck eagle in the seal was never used during the Revolution.
Tuxcueca
Tuxcueca is a town 50 kilometres south of Guadalajara.
Ejército Villista
series | from | to | total number |
total value |
||
$5 | A | 0001 | includes numbers 0021CNBanxico #11341 to 0209 |
A $5 note, Serie A, with typed name Gral de Brigada Antonio Delgadillo and stamp on reverse ‘ESTADO DE JALISCO – TESORERIA MUNICIPAL DE TUXCUECA – 7o CANTON’. If this attribution is genuine, this note must date to late 1914.
[if addition of name is genuine, and if correct person] Delgadillo reappears as a Villista general under Julián C. Medina, in charge of troops that were keeping Diéguez in check in Guadalajara. On 25 December 1914 Delgadillo paraded his troops through Guadalajara but two or three days later he and others were arrested. Delgadillo and seven others were then shot in the cemetery in Poncitlán, Jalisco, without a case formed against them and without a declared motive. Some say it was because they intended to form a breakaway state and keep out of the fighting, some because they represented the clerical faction, and other because they meant to make Delgadillo governor. |
Concepción de Buenos Aires
Concepción de Buenos Aires is a town south of Guadalajara and east of Ciudad Guzmán.
Ejército Villista
A series of notes (5c, 10c, 20c and 50c) in various colours and designs with the stamp of ‘TESORERIA MUNICIPAL DE CONCEPCION DE BUENOS AIRES’. The numbers were originally handwritten but after c. 4900 they acquired a numbering machine.
The 5c design changed to spell out the denomination and the numbering of the variants 'VALE CINCO CENTAVOS', '5 CVS. VALE CINCO CENTAVOS' and '5 CVS. 5 CVS.VALE CINCO CENTAVOS' show that they appeared on the same sheet plate.
from | to | total number |
total value |
|||
5c | VALE 5 CENTAVOS | includes numbers 1511 to 3931 | ||||
VALE CINCO CENTAVOS | includes numbers 5315 to 5498CNBanxico #11334 | |||||
CVS. 5 CVS. VALE CINCO CENTAVOS | includes numbers 5357CNBanxico #11335 to 5795 | |||||
5 CVS. 5 CVS.VALE CINCO CENTAVOS | includes numbers 4925 to 8998CNBanxico #11333 | |||||
10c | includes numbers 886 to 2388CNBanxico #11338 | |||||
20c | includes numbers 1302 to 1915CNBanxico #11339 | |||||
50c | includes numbers 842 to 3058CNBanxico #11340 |